Percepción familiar sobre la ortotanasia y distanasia en cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos

En la atención al paciente en estadío terminal de causa oncológica, un tema que cobra importancia es la percepción sobre la distanasia y ortotanasia en los cuidadores como alternativa sentida al final de la vida. El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar la percepción familiar de los cuidadores de los enfermos terminales sobre la distanasia y la ortotanasia como alternativa sentida al final de la vida en la Policlínica Universitaria ¨Ángel Ortiz Vázquez¨. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo-cualitativo. La muestra quedó conformada por 6 cuidadores. Se estudiaron las variables conocimiento real y referido en relación con enfermo terminal y enfermedad terminal, así como la ortotanasia y distanasia, la percepción familiar sobre la ortotanasia y distanasia y la elección de alternativa sentida al final de la vida. En el proceso investigativo se emplearon una encuesta, la entrevista, la entrevista en profundidad y la composición. El análisis de los datos se articula a través de la asunción de la triangulación como estrategia metodológica. Emergió que en el 83,3 % de los cuidadores refirieron como alternativa sentida de elección al final de vida la ortotanasia. Mostraron insuficientes conocimientos en relación con los conceptos enfermo terminal-enfermedad terminal y ortotanasia-distanasia en ambas técnicas. La percepción familiar es de aceptación. La percepción familiar de los cuidadores sobre la distanasia-ortotanasia es de aceptación, con actitudes positivas y la elección de la ortotanasia como alternativa sentida al final de la vida para el sujeto, pues consideran que la misma es la mejor opción para disminuir el sufrimiento.

In the care of patients in the terminal stage of oncological causes, an issue that gains importance is the perception of distanasia and orthothanasia in caregivers as an alternative felt at the end of life. The objective of the research was to characterize the family perception of the caregivers of the terminally ill about distanasia and orthothanasia as an alternative felt at the end of life at the ¨Ángel Ortiz Vázquez¨ University Polyclinic. A quantitative-qualitative study was carried out. The sample was made up of 6 caregivers. The variables real and referred knowledge in relation to terminally ill and terminally ill were studied, as well as orthothanasia and distanasia, family perception of orthothanasia and distanasia and the choice of alternative felt at the end of life. In the investigative process, a survey, the interview, the in-depth interview and the composition were used. The data analysis is articulated through the assumption of triangulation as a methodological strategy. It emerged that 83.3% of the caregivers referred to orthothanasia as a felt alternative of choice at the end of life. They showed insufficient knowledge in relation to the terminally ill-terminally ill and orthothanasia-distanasia concepts in both techniques. The familiar perception is one of acceptance. The family perception of caregivers about distanasia-orthothanasia is one of acceptance, with positive attitudes and the choice of orthothanasia as an alternative felt at the end of life for the subject, since they consider that it is the best option to reduce suffering.

No cuidado aos pacientes em fase terminal de causas oncológicas, uma questão que ganha importância é a percepção da distanásia e da ortotanásia nos cuidadores como alternativa sentida no final da vida. O objetivo da pesquisa foi caracterizar a percepção de familiares de cuidadores de pacientes em fase terminal sobre distanásia e ortotanásia como uma alternativa sentida no final da vida na Policlínica Universitária ¨Ángel Ortiz Vázquez¨. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo-qualitativo. A amostra foi composta por 6 cuidadores. Foram estudadas as variáveis ​​conhecimento real e referido em relação ao doente terminal e doente terminal, bem como a ortotanásia e distanásia, a percepção familiar da ortotanásia e distanásia e a escolha da alternativa sentida no final da vida. No processo investigativo utilizou-se o survey, a entrevista, a entrevista em profundidade e a redação. A análise dos dados articula-se no pressuposto da triangulação como estratégia metodológica. Verificou-se que 83,3% dos cuidadores referiram a ortotanásia como uma alternativa sentida de escolha no final da vida. Apresentaram conhecimento insuficiente em relação aos conceitos de doente terminal-terminal e ortotanásia-distanásia em ambas as técnicas. A percepção familiar é de aceitação. A percepção dos familiares dos cuidadores sobre a distanásia-ortotanásia é de aceitação, com atitudes positivas e a escolha da ortotanásia como alternativa sentida no final da vida para o sujeito, por considerarem que é a melhor opção para diminuir o sofrimento.

Implicações da pouca preocupação e percepção familiar no sobrepeso infantil no município de Curitiba, PR, Brasil / The implications of family lack of concern and perception of obesity in childhood in the city of Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil

Resumo O presente trabalho propôs relacionar o sobrepeso infantil com a percepção familiar da silhueta da criança e a preocupação com o excesso de peso na infância. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com crianças de 20 a 48 meses de idade usuárias de Unidades de Saúde ou centros de ensino infantil de Curitiba, no período de junho a dezembro de 2014. Fez-se uso de questionário para coletar dados referentes a renda familiar, peso, altura, percepção da silhueta da criança e verificar a preocupação com o excesso de peso. O sobrepeso e a obesidade não foram percebidos corretamente pelos responsáveis (kappa =0,11) e grande parte destes não sabiam o peso e altura da crianças e nem estavam preocupados com excesso de peso. Na população estudada, as crianças de famílias de menor renda apresentaram mais chance de desenvolver sobrepeso na infância (p = 0,02). Se faz necessário investir na sensibilização das famílias, pois é de extrema importância a atenção à obesidade desde a infância prevenindo assim novos casos e evitando agravos na vida adulta.

Abstract The scope of this study was to relate child obesity with the family’s perception of the child’s silhouette’s and concern with excess weight in childhood A cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged between 20 and 48 months who frequent Health Units or are preschoolers in the city of Curitiba from June to December 2014. A questionnaire was used to collect data relating to family income, weight, height, perception of child silhouette’s and assess concern about obesity by parents. Overweight and obesity was not correctly perceived by relations (kappa = 0,11) and the vast majority of parents did not know the child’s height and weight and were not even concerned with childhood obesity. In the population studied, children from lower income family were more likely to suffer from overweight in childhood (p = 0,02). It is necessary to invest in the sensitization of families, since it is extremely important to pay attention to obesity from childhood onwards, thus preventing new cases and avoiding problems in adult life.

How Do Male and Female Medical Students Perceive Their Own Career? Implications from a Student Viewpoint / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

<b>Introduction</b>: The aim of this study is to explore career perceptions of male and female medical students.<br><b>Methods</b>: Semi-structured interviews to 16 medical students (9males, 7 females) were undertaken.<br><b>Results</b>: Qualitative data analysis showed that development of their career perceptions were affected by “gender view”, “interests in medicine” as well as their “perceptions of family”. Specifically, female students in the lower grades felt difficulty in making decisions on career choices due to the conflict between carrying out family responsibilities (e.g., housework and childcare) and interests in medicine. After clinical clerkships, their perceptions of a career were formed in one of two ways: giving priority to family responsibilities or interest in medicine. On the other hand, male students in lower and higher grades consistently gave priority to their interests in medicine for their career choices.<br><b>Conclusion</b>: Differing career perceptions between male and female medical students emerged from this study, and supports the need for undergraduate education on gender-equality in society.

A Comparative Study on Family Perception between Abused Children and Normal Children by Kinetic Family Drawing / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The study attempted to find family perception differences between abused children and normal children by Kinetic Family Drawing. METHOD: The subjects of the study consisted of two groups, 143 abused who were in the upper 25th percentile, and 150 normal who were in the lower 25th percentile. Collected Kinetic Family Drawings were divided into five dimensions such as actions, human figure characteristics, dynamics, styles and symbols, and they was analyzed with SPSS/WIN 10.0. RESULTS: In the perception about their family in action dimension, their family in figure characteristics dimension, their family in dynamics dimensions, and their family in symbols dimension, there is a sharp contrast between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Putting these results together, abused children feel lower self-esteem and feel more sense of alienation in their family than normal children do. In addition, abused children perceive their parents as negative and aggressive people.